Ebola virus is one of the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans. This study, which was carried out in december 2014, aimed to find out how 25 villages viewed the ebola threat, and how they coped with regulations designed to eliminate the disease. Ebola, or ebola virus disease evd, is caused by the ebola virus, a member of the filovirus family. To view the complete and current version, please refer to the ebola virus infection topic on the bmj best practice website. Reversion of advanced ebola virus disease in nonhuman. The latter occurred in a village near the ebola river, from which the disease takes its name. The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms, is from 2 to 21 days. Later, as the disease progresses and worsens in severity, symptoms can include bleeding at various sites within or outside of the body. Ebola virus disease evd or ebola haemorrhagic fever is a fatal illness in humans and non. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. One affects only nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees and pigs. Agents of ebola virus disease or viral hemorrhagic fever include four main viral families filoviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, flaviviruses. That is the reason why some experts prefer to use the term ebola virus disease instead of the ebola hemorrhagic fever.
Probing into the factors that led to the widespread outbreak, setting forth plans to counter evd cases in developing countries, and devising definitive measures to limit the spread of the disease are essential steps that must be. Ebola virus disease evd and breastfeeding in dr congo was an obvious topic. Evd is transmitted by wild animaltohuman and humantohuman infection. Ebola virus disease evd is an understudied infection, with uncertainty around many aspects of transmission and disease. Ebola virus disease evd is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Read about causes, vaccine, treatment, symptoms, transmission, and. Limited evidence is available on pediatric disease course and prognosis.
Ebola spotlight emerging infectious diseases journal cdc. Enhanced surveillance in the country will continue, as well as strengthening of preparedness and readiness for ebola outbreaks. These value sets could be used in elr, triage, case reporting and case notification. The ebola virus infection may have started as a disease within nonhuman primates, initially termed as green monkey fever, in order to maintain the fine. In the spring of 2014, a new ebov variant emerged in the west african country of guinea 2. Ii psychological first aidduring ebola virus disease outbreaks who library cataloguinginpublication data psychological first aid during ebola virus disease outbreaks. As of the end of march 2016, the west africa epidemic of ebola virus disease ebola had resulted in a total of 28,646 cases, 11,323 of them fatal, reported to the world health organization. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Introduction to ebola virus disease world health organization. Jun 30, 2015 ebola is a serious and deadly virus transmitted by animals and humans. Evd outbreaks typically start from a single case of probable zoonotic transmission, followed by. Ebola has been well studied since it was discovered.
Ebola virus disease ebola virus disease evd is a rare but often fatal infectious disease that affects humans and nonhuman primates including chimpanzees, gorillas, and monkeys. It affects many of the bodys organ systems and often causes severe illness. Acip, cdc, ebola virus, disease, 2018 evd outbreak eastern drc, case counts as of september 29, 2019, ziare ebolavirus, signs and symptoms, progression of disease, evd sequalae among survivors, treatment, ebolo disease in the u. Ebola virus disease evd is caused by ebola viruses ebov, members of the group of. Ebola is a serious and deadly virus transmitted by animals and humans. Ebola virus is the cause of the 202015 ebola virus epidemic outbreak in west africa, which has resulted in at least 27,678 suspected cases and 11,276 confirmed deaths who, 2015. Various infographics of ebola, and images showing individual symptoms of ebola. Fever severe headache fatigue muscle pain weakness diarrhea. Ebola virus disease evd is a severe, often fatal illness that affects humans and other primates such as gorillas, chimpanzees, and monkeys. It first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in what is now nzara, south sudan, and the other in yambuku, drc. Symptoms can appear from 2 to 21 days after exposure. The recent outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa has been the worst ever witnessed. Ebola is caused by infection with a virus of the family filoviridae, genus ebolavirus. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Excluding 2000 outbreak 1,500 cases over 1,000 deaths. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Psychological first aid during ebola virus disease outbreaks.
The first case of the ebola virus disease was recognized in 1976, and caused an outbreak in northern zaire. Ebola, infectious disease caused by a virus of the family filoviridae that is responsible for a severe and often fatal viral hemorrhagic fever. Once the more virulent forms enter the human population, transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected body fluids and can result in major epidemics in underresourced settings. The announcement comes 42 days two 21day incubation cycles of the virus after the last confirmed ebola patient in the affected basuele province tested negative for the disease for the second time. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Ebola virus disease evd general information what is ebola virus disease. A person who has ebola but has no symptoms cant spread the disease, either. If ebola virus disease is suspected based on the persons symptoms and exposure to ebola virus, such as close contact with an ebolainfected person, he or she should be isolated separated from other people and the local health department should be notified. The deadly african virus presented by claudia hacker ebola virus introduction first appeared in africa 1976 african hemorrhagic fever.
Reston ebolavirus, and bombali virus bombali ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease evd, also referred to as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe and often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Time from infection to disease and infectiousness for ebola. Recognizing early signs of ebola virus disease evd, finding and screening suspected patients and providing early rehydration treatments are measures that healthcare workers can take to help people survive evd. Ebola virus disease, formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever, is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human to human transmission. Symptoms of evd include abrupt onset of fever, myalgias, and headache in the early. Prevention and control measures for hospitals 4 for all febrile travellers from a malariaendemic area e. Symptoms can appear 221 days after exposure, but usually within 810 days. Ebola, the killer virus infectious diseases of poverty. Click on the above link to access this information. Ebola virus infection prevention bmj best practice. In humans, ebolaviruses cause fatality in 25 to 90 percent of cases. The burden of disease was highest in sierra leone with 14 000 reported cases. Infected people can only spread the ebola virus to other people when they have symptoms.
The first evd outbreak was reported in the 1970s in zaire now the democratic. Ebola disease is caused by the ebola virus and is one of a number of hemorrhagic fever diseases. Ebola virus disease complications as experienced by. In march 2014, the largest ebola outbreak in history exploded across west africa. Medlineplus was designed by the national library of medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic. Ebola virus disease california department of public health. The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. As of november 14, 2014, the world health organization has reported a total of 21,296 ebola virus disease evd. Symptoms usually begin suddenly and include fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, sore throat and weakness. To date, tai forest virus has only been known to cause two nonfatal human infections, while reston virus causes asymptomatic infection in.
Ebola virus disease evd is a severe, often fatal, viral disease. Ebola virus disease evd pan american health organization. Evaluation of convalescent plasma for ebola virus disease. The full set of ebola symptoms images are available as a download here zip. Ebola virus disease genetic and rare diseases information. When is someone able to spread the disease to others. Recognizing evd from the early nonspecific symptoms is challenging. The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases ncezid, division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology dhcpp, viral special pathogens branch vspb. As the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune. Ebola virus disease ebola virus disease is severe and often fatal. Ebola virus disease evd, formerly known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a. Wellknown agents are ebola, marburg and dengue viruses also see hantavirus and yellow fever guidelines. This years global nutrition cluster meeting in july, 2019, offered a platform on which to discuss all nutritionrelated humanitarian emergencies.
Ebola virus ebov infections cause severe illness in humans, and after an incubation period of 3 to 21 days, patients initially present with general flulike symptoms before a rapid progression to advanced disease characterized by hemorrhage, multiorgan failure and a shocklike syndrome 1. Overview of ebola virus disease in 2014 sciencedirect. Ebola virus disease evd is a lifethreatening viral disease with a fatality rate ranging from around 30% to 90%. Ebola, also known as ebola virus disease evd, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. Ebola virus disease evd is a severe and frequently lethal disease caused by ebola virus ebov. Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes fever, body aches, and diarrhea, and sometimes bleeding inside and outside the body. It was initially detected in 1976 in sudan and the democratic republic of congo. More than 2800 cases have been confirmed in the ongoing outbreak in dr congo. Four species of ebolaviruses have been identified in west or equatorial africa. Ebola virus disease centers for disease control and.
Ebola virus belongs to the virus family known as filoviridae. Ebola virus disease outbreaks occur mainly in villages in central and west africa and have a mortality rate up to 90%. It is a severe, often fatal disease 50%90% fatality in humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Symptoms and signs developed during hospitalization during the ebola virus disease outbreak in ebola treatment centers, lokolia and boende, democratic republic of the congo, julynovember 2014 in addition to the 7 patients who had hemorrhagic signs at admission, hemorrhagic signs developed in 7 patients during hospitalization. Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
Although many have died, with a case fatality ratio of approximately 50%, thousands have survived the disease. This has to be done in a way that is safe for the healthcare worker and respects the patient. The four villages have been singled out for analysis because they belong to a trans. Currently, there are evd outbreaks in several western african nations, including guinea, liberia, sierra leone and parts of nigeria. What you need to know about ebola centers for disease. Learn more about the cause, symptoms, treatment, and transmission of ebola virus disease. If infection is suspected, the patient should be put in isolation and all healthcare workers in contact with the patient should wear personal protective equipment. There are four different strains of the ebola virus that cause ebola hemorrhagic fever. Ebolaviruses are pathogenic agents associated with a severe, potentially fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes.
A person infected with ebola cannot spread the disease until they develop symptoms. People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or a sick or dead person infected with ebola virus. Kansas ebola preparedness and response plan version 9. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. Ebola fact sheet pdf french pdf hmong pdf somali pdf spanish pdf what is ebola disease. Signs of ebola include fever and symptoms like severe.
Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. Wild animals transmit the ebola virus to people, and the ebola virus spreads in the human. Fruit bats of the pteropodidae family are natural ebola virus hosts. Ebola virus disease evd has mostly affected economically deprived countries as limited resources adversely affect a countrys infrastructure and administration.
Over the past 40 years, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred in africa, with most of the known outbreaks occurring in the past 20 years. In this article, we present an overview of the pathogen, its epidemiology and transmission, clinical and laboratory manifestations, treatment and infection control procedures, with an emphasis on what is known about ebola virus disease in the pediatric population. Who optimized supportive care for ebola virus disease. There is no specific treatment for ebola other than close monitoring and supportive. Signs and symptoms symptoms of evd may appear 2 to 21 days after exposure to the virus, but the average is 8 to 10 days. Ebola, previously known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the ebola virus strains. Theres currently no licensed treatment or vaccine for ebola virus disease, although vaccines and drug therapies are being developed and tested. Medlineplus was designed by the national library of medicine to help you research your health questions, and it. Ebola virus disease, democratic republic of the congo, 2014. Successful treatment of advanced ebola virus infection. Ebola virus disease, also known as ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a highly contagious disease with a 90% mortality rate. By september 9, 2015, a total of 28,183 cases and 11,306 deaths had been reported. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare but serious disease caused by infection of the ebola virus. Of these, only four are known to cause disease in people ebola.
The ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. For a patient to be suspected of having ebola virus disease, heshe must meet the following clinical and epidemiological criteria. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc and world health organization who produce detailed guidance on ppe. Evd was first identified in 1976 near the ebola river in the democratic republic of congo. Early symptoms of ebola virus disease evd may be similar to other diseases including malaria and dengue fever. As of february 2016, 28 000 cases of ebola virus disease evd have been reported from the epidemic affecting west africa since december 20. If ebola virus disease is suspected based on the persons symptoms and exposure to ebola virus, such as close contact with an ebola infected person, he or she should be isolated separated from other people and the local health department should be notified. Infection causes a serious, often fatal haemorrhagic bleeding illness called ebola virus disease evd. The ebola virus is transmitted to people from bats or nonhuman primates and spreads within human populations by persontoperson transmission. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys.